MRI examination

Virtually cut the man across and see what was inside was always a dream of the doctor-diagnostician. Now it can be done with X-ray computed tomography.

But there is another way: You can perform an MRI examination using the effect of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Such studies are widely used worldwide, and clinical experience indicates that high resolution and contrast obtained fibrewise images of organs and tissues. Actually able to generate images equal in quality photographs of anatomical sections.

In addition to computerized tomography based on the effect of brand name viagra nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) no ionizing radiation sources, and therefore diagnostic studies on MRI is almost completely safe for patients.

The effect of NMR was discovered in 1946 by research teams at Stanford and Harvard universities. Its discoverers - F. Bloch (F. Bloch) and E. M. Purcell (EMPurcell) - won the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1952. They found that the nuclei of certain atoms when placed in a magnetic field, absorb the energy of an electromagnetic pulse, and at the end of the pulse emit it as a signal. For the occurrence of such nuclear resonance magnetic induction and frequency of the electromagnetic pulse should definitely match.

For medical purposes the effect of NMR is used since the early 80's of last century. The first MRI were shown at the Congress of Radiologists in Paris in 1982.

The basis of MR imaging is the principle of magnetic resonance of hydrogen nuclei. Since water is contained in human organs and tissues in significant numbers, then, respectively, hydrogen - the most widespread element in the human body.

Diagnostic study is as follows. Patient is placed in a strong static magnetic field of MRI, after which the nuclei of hydrogen atoms in the human body (which are small magnets) are oriented in the direction of the field. Studied area is selected, adding a weak alternating magnetic field using the so-called gradient coils. Then the scanner sends an electromagnetic signal (radio) this is Mood this is important done through the radiator radio frequency pulses. The hydrogen atoms are excited and generate a response signal, which is caught receiving radio-frequency coils detectors imager. Different types of tissues (bones, muscles, etc.) contain a different number of hydrogen atoms, so they generate signals with different characteristics. After decoding the signals is built (as defined procedure), the image of the layer.

MRI started out as a method of giving an image of thin transverse slices of the human body. With the development of software from fibrewise image moved (as in X-ray computed tomography) to the interior. Now this method is especially useful in the investigation of dynamic processes (eg, status of blood flow) in the organs and tissues.

In conclusion, MRI for its appearance is similar to CT, no expert is unlikely to discern.

The study table with the patient gradually moving into the scanner, made in the form of a ring (Gentry). When scanning the patient is in a tunnel tomograph, where enough light and a fan providing fresh air. It is necessary that the patient did not move, because even small displacements can substantially reduce the quality of the images. The duration of the diagnostic studies - from 30 minutes to one hour.

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